V3 volume

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Model Code Exploration
In the following sections we will examine all of the model files for this model. Note that instead of downloading the zip file above, you could just copy the text in the boxes below into a text editor and save it with the appropriate name (Section title). Opening the resulting .scn file in the SELES simulator would run this model.

BaseScenario.scn
SELES Scenario $gisData$ = ..\gisData\cell Ecoregion = $gisData$\ecoregion Elevation = $gisData$\elevation Aspect = $gisData$\aspect ForestStatus = $gisData$\ForestStatus initialAge = $gisData$\StandAgeEst initialSpp = $gisData$\DomSpecies SiteType = $gisData$\SiteEcoregion Model Dimensions: Ecoregion Model.sel SimPriority Low Priority // Set low priority for simulation engine // Set up display Minimize Static Minimize Initial State Tile // Move to output folder cwd output // Base Time step (in years) BaseTimestep = 10 // Make it spatial: 10-100ha blocks BlockSizeMin = 10 BlockSizeMax = 100 // No explicit adjacency GreenupYears = 0 // Use area based harvesting (default) AreaBasedHarvest = TRUE

Model.sel
Seles Model Time Units: Year Century 100 260 Landscape Events: // Disturbance event Fire.lse DEBUG // Succession events Succession.lse DEBUG // Management events GrowingStock.lse DEBUG Logging.lse DEBUG // Reporting events ReportResults.lse DEBUG // Legends: defined constants Legends: ////////////////////////////////////////  ForestStatusLegend = "..\gisData\cats\ForestStatus" // For succession SppLegend = "..\gisData\cats\DomSpecies" // For volume yields SiteTypeLegend = ..\gisData\cats\SiteEcoregion // For potential treatment types TreatmentTypeLegend = "cats\PotentialTreatmentType" Global Constants: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////  // General constants and parameters CellWidth = CELL WIDTH(Ecoregion) HaPerCell = (CellWidth^2) / 10000 MaxStandAge = MAX(initialAge) MaxVolPerHa = 350 MaxTimeSinceDisturbance = 200 NumSppCodes = ROWS(SppLegend) - 1 // Management status: Cell availability and potential treatment types NumTreatmentTypes = ROWS(TreatmentTypeLegend) - 1 // For planting and MHA SiteInfo = ".\inputFiles\SiteInfo.txt" rMHA = 0 rCMAI = 1 // Need to link spatial constants with an input raster view Spatial Constants: StudyArea = Ecoregion ///////////////////////////  // Landscape physiography ///////////////////////////  Elevation Aspect ///////////////////////////  // Management information (static) ///////////////////////////  ForestStatus SiteType // Need to link spatial variables with an output raster view, and // specify initial conditions (raster, 0, or constant) and output raster bounds Spatial Variables: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////  // Dynamic stand information StandAge[MaxStandAge] <= initialAge Spp[NumSppCodes] <= initialSpp OldForest[1] ///////////////////////////  // Management information (dynamic) ///////////////////////////  VolPerHa[100*MaxVolPerHa] SalvageableVolPerHa[100*MaxVolPerHa] // For stratifying the landscape into availability and potential treatment types PotentialTreatmentType[NumTreatmentTypes] ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////  // Time since disturbance information Burnt[MaxTimeSinceDisturbance] Logged[MaxTimeSinceDisturbance] Global Constants: // Volume tables VolTable = ".\inputFiles\Volume.txt" VolCols = COLS(VolTable) MaxDecade = VolCols - 1 // Minimum yields MinYieldGreenPerHa = 100 Global Variables: ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////  // Parameters BaseTimestep = 1 // Base Time step (in years) ///////////////////////////  // Fire related parameters ///////////////////////////  ReturnInterval = 50 MeanFiresPerYear = 1 ///////////////////////////  // Logging related parameters ///////////////////////////  HarvestRotation = 100  // Years, for area-based harvest AAC = 100000 // m3 for volume-based harvest // Adjacency GreenupYears = 0 //Default: 0 no explicit adj.   BlockSizeMin = 5 BlockSizeMax = 40 // Whether this is volume based or area based harvesting AreaBasedHarvest = FALSE // For controlling salvage: to turn off salvage, set this to larger than MaxVolPerCell MinYieldSalvagePerHa = 50 //5000000 SalvagePreference = 1 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////  // Tracking Year = 0 ForestSize = 0 THLBSize = 0 AreaBurned = 0    // Area burned in period AreaHarvested = 0 // Area (ha) harvested in period VolHarvested = 0  // Volume (m3) harvested in period VolumeLost = 0    // Volume lost due to decay Output Frequency: 1

Fire.lse
// Empirical fire model for the Labrador District 19a "study copy" LSEVENT: Fire DEFINITIONS GLOBAL CONSTANT: HaPerCell, MaxTimeSinceDisturbance GLOBAL VARIABLE: BaseTimestep // Base Time step (in years) GLOBAL VARIABLE: ReturnInterval, MeanFiresPerYear // fire return interval LAYER: StudyArea, StandAge, Spp LAYER: Elevation, Aspect    // elevation in metres; aspect 0 to 360 + flat (361) LAYER: Burnt  // Show areas that were recently burned GLOBAL VARIABLE: ForestSize, AreaBurned CLUSTER VARIABLE: FireExtent ENDDEF // Run after succession RETURNTIME RETURNTIME = IF Time EQ 0 THEN 0.5 ELSE 1 // Update time since disturbance information // Need to do this here, since Burnt may include non-forested cells OVER REGION WHOLE MAP DECISION Burnt > 0 Burnt = MAX(0,Burnt - BaseTimestep) ENDFN ENDRT // Only allow ignitions in forested cells EVENTLOCATION STATIC REGION WHOLE MAP DECISION (StudyArea > 0) AND (Spp > 0) ENDEL // Draw the number of openings from an exponential distribution NUMCLUSTERS meanClusters = MeanFiresPerYear * BaseTimestep nClusters = FLOOR(NEGEXP(meanClusters)) NUMCLUSTERS = nClusters ENDNC PROBINIT /*  // Depends on aspect pAspect = 0.35*0.5*(SIN((Aspect-67.5))+1) PROBINIT = pAspect */  PROBINIT = 1 // For each opening, select an opening size meanExtent = (ForestSize/(MeanFiresPerYear*ReturnInterval)) FireExtent = ROUND(NEGEXP(meanExtent)) ENDPI TRANSITIONS // Continue if there is still extent to be burned // AND if the stand didn't burn during this event already TRANSITIONS = (FireExtent > 0) IF Spp > 0 // Decrement the number of cells remaining to burn for this opening // Only do this for forested cells. NonForested cells will just pass on the fire FireExtent = FireExtent - HaPerCell AreaBurned = AreaBurned + HaPerCell ENDFN // Set the stand age StandAge = 0 Burnt = MaxTimeSinceDisturbance ENDTR // Spread timestep: time is irrelevant for this empirical model. SPREADTIMESTEP = 0 // Spread to the eight neighbours SPREADLOCATION REGION CENTRED(1, 1.5) DECISION (StudyArea > 0) ENDSL // Pick number of spread openings to be based on the // convolution index, but force at least one NUMRECIPIENTS // Mid-Complex shapes. This is the number of neighbours to // spread to from a burning cell. Lower mean gives more complex shapes. NUMRECIPIENTS = CLAMP(NORMAL(2,1), 1, 8) ENDNR /* // Prefer southwest aspects and uphill SPREADPROB pElevation = IF (SOURCE Elevation) < Elevation THEN 5 ELSE IF (SOURCE Elevation) > Elevation THEN 0.5 ELSE 1 pAspect = 0.35*0.5*(SIN((Aspect-67.5))+1) SPREADPROB = (pElevation^0.5) * (pAspect^0.5) ENDSP */

GrowingStock.lse
// Landscape event definition for growing stock/cell availability in the Labrador District 19a "study copy" LSEVENT: GROWING_STOCK DEFINITIONS GLOBAL CONSTANT: HaPerCell /****************************************/  // Parameters GLOBAL VARIABLE: BaseTimestep // Base Time step (in years) // Length of time for greenup constraints (default: 15 years) GLOBAL VARIABLE: GreenupYears // Minimum yield that will be harvested in m3 per ha  GLOBAL CONSTANT: MinYieldGreenPerHa GLOBAL VARIABLE: MinYieldSalvagePerHa GLOBAL CONSTANT: SiteInfo[], rMHA // Volume curves GLOBAL CONSTANT: VolTable[], MaxDecade LAYER: StudyArea, StandAge LAYER: ForestStatus GLOBAL CONSTANT: Harvestable LAYER: SiteType LAYER: VolPerHa, SalvageableVolPerHa // in 100ths of a cubic metre GLOBAL CONSTANT: MaxVolPerHa // Treatment tracking LAYER: PotentialTreatmentType GLOBAL CONSTANT: Unavailable, GreenBlock, SalvageBlock ENDDEF RETURNTIME = IF Time EQ 0 THEN 0.01 ELSE BaseTimestep // Only process productive forest cells EVENTLOCATION STATIC REGION WHOLE MAP DECISION (StudyArea > 0) AND (ForestStatus > 0) ENDEL TRANSITIONS TRANSITIONS = 1 // Process all cells in productive forest. PotentialTreatmentType = Unavailable bidecade = CLAMP(StandAge/20,0,MaxDecade) /*  l = FLOOR(decade) u = CEILING(decade) pLower = u - decade TotalVolPerHa = pLower * VolTable[SiteType, l] + (1-pLower) * VolTable[SiteType, u] */ TotalVolPerHa = VolTable[SiteType, FLOOR(bidecade)] VolPerHa = CLAMP(ROUND(TotalVolPerHa*100),0,MaxVolPerHa*100) Yield = TotalVolPerHa * HaPerCell // Step through zones and stratifications to determine availability IF (ForestStatus EQ Harvestable) isAvailable = TRUE // First check minimum harvest age isAvailable = isAvailable AND (StandAge >= SiteInfo[SiteType, rMHA]) // Adjacency and greenup inBuffer = FALSE IF (GreenupYears > 0) OVER REGION CENTRED(1, 1.5, EUCLIDEAN) inBuffer = inBuffer OR (StandAge <= GreenupYears) ENDFN ENDFN isAvailable = isAvailable AND (!inBuffer) // Finally: we know if this cell is available PotentialTreatmentType = IF (isAvailable) THEN GreenBlock ELSE IF ((SalvageableVolPerHa/100) >= MinYieldSalvagePerHa*HaPerCell) THEN SalvageBlock ELSE Unavailable ENDFN ENDTR

Logging.lse
// Landscape event definition for logging in the Labrador District 19a "study copy" // It is driven either by the input variable HarvestRotation, which specifies the area // to cut per year or by the input variable AAC, which specifies the volume of wood // to cut per year. Enough cutblocks are laid down to cut the required target LSEVENT: LOGGING DEFINITIONS GLOBAL CONSTANT: HaPerCell /****************************************/  // Parameters GLOBAL VARIABLE: BaseTimestep    // Base Time step (in years) // If TRUE use area vs. volume based harvest. The first is specified as a rotation, the second as a target in m3   GLOBAL VARIABLE: AreaBasedHarvest, HarvestRotation, AAC GLOBAL VARIABLE: SalvagePreference // Preference for salvage vs. green blocks // Length of time for greenup constraints (default: 15 years) GLOBAL VARIABLE: GreenupYears GLOBAL VARIABLE: BlockSizeMin, BlockSizeMax GLOBAL CONSTANT: SiteInfo[], rMHA /****************************************/  LAYER: StudyArea, StandAge LAYER: ForestStatus GLOBAL CONSTANT: Harvestable LAYER: SiteType LAYER: Logged // Time since logging is MaxTimeSinceDisturbance - Logged GLOBAL CONSTANT: MaxTimeSinceDisturbance LAYER: VolPerHa, SalvageableVolPerHa // in 100ths of a cubic metre LAYER: PotentialTreatmentType GLOBAL CONSTANT: Unavailable, GreenBlock, SalvageBlock GLOBAL VARIABLE: THLBSize EVENT VARIABLE: EventExtent, HarvestTarget CLUSTER VARIABLE: BlockExtent, SalvageLogging // Amount and area cut in year GLOBAL VARIABLE: VolHarvested, AreaHarvested GLOBAL VARIABLE: Year ENDDEF // Process after fire RETURNTIME RETURNTIME = IF Time EQ 0 THEN 0.9 ELSE BaseTimestep Year = FLOOR(Time) // Reset annual harvest stats VolHarvested = 0 AreaHarvested = 0 ENDRT // Only log in forested cells in the harvestable landbase EVENTLOCATION STATIC REGION WHOLE MAP DECISION ForestStatus EQ Harvestable ENDEL NUMCLUSTERS // Determine harvest target for entire time period TotalHarvestTarget = IF AreaBasedHarvest THEN (THLBSize/HarvestRotation) * BaseTimestep ELSE AAC * BaseTimestep HarvestTarget = TotalHarvestTarget // Keep logging until target is met or there are not more available cells NUMCLUSTERS = WHILE HarvestTarget > 0 // Check if this is salvage SalvageLogging = (PotentialTreatmentType EQ SalvageBlock) // Select from a uniform distribution BlockExtent = ROUND(UNIFORM(BlockSizeMin/HaPerCell, BlockSizeMax/HaPerCell)) ENDNC // Assumes that the growing stock sub-model has run to determine which cells // are available for harvest at the start of this time period PROBINIT ORDERED Logged = MAX(Logged-BaseTimestep, 0) MinHarvestAge = SiteInfo[SiteType, rMHA] // Access is the only hard constraint for salvage pSalvageBlock = IF PotentialTreatmentType EQ SalvageBlock THEN SalvagePreference * (SalvageableVolPerHa/100) ELSE 0 // NOTE: These probabilities are computed at the start of the logging year and do not reflect // changes as harvesting progresses. Hence, to avoid violations, a check is made again in TRANSITIONS p = PRODUCT PotentialTreatmentType > Unavailable // If this is a naturally disturbed cell with salvageable timber... IF PotentialTreatmentType EQ SalvageBlock THEN pSalvageBlock // Otherwise, this is a green cell... // Relative oldest first ELSE (StandAge - MinHarvestAge + 1) ENDFN PROBINIT = p ENDPI TRANSITIONS // Check if we should still be logging. // There is still extent left in the block and area/volume to harvest isAvailable = (BlockExtent >= 1) AND (HarvestTarget > 0) IF SalvageLogging isAvailable = isAvailable AND (StandAge < 10) AND (PotentialTreatmentType EQ SalvageBlock) ELSE // Min. harvest age isAvailable = isAvailable AND (StandAge >= SiteInfo[SiteType, rMHA]) // Adjacency inBuffer = FALSE IF (GreenupYears > 0) OVER REGION CENTRED(1, 1.5, EUCLIDEAN) inBuffer = inBuffer OR (StandAge <= GreenupYears) ENDFN ENDFN isAvailable = isAvailable AND (!inBuffer) ENDFN // Make a transition only if we are still logging TRANSITIONS = isAvailable MinHarvestAge = SiteInfo[SiteType, rMHA] Yield = (SalvageableVolPerHa/100 + VolPerHa/100) * HaPerCell // Decrement the number of cells remaining to log for this block BlockExtent = BlockExtent - 1 HarvestTarget = IF AreaBasedHarvest THEN HarvestTarget - HaPerCell ELSE HarvestTarget - Yield // Increment the yearly volume and areas harvested VolHarvested = VolHarvested + Yield AreaHarvested = AreaHarvested + HaPerCell // Reset the stand StandAge = 0 Logged = MaxTimeSinceDisturbance VolPerHa = 0 SalvageableVolPerHa = 0 // Reset the salvage volume ENDTR // Use immediate spread so that an entire block is processed before the next is initiated SPREADTIMESTEP = -1 // Spread to cardinal neighbours SPREADLOCATION REGION CENTRED(1,1) DECISION (StudyArea > 0) AND (ForestStatus EQ Harvestable) ENDSL // Keep spreading: transitions will stop when the cutblock is finished SPREADPROB = 1

ReportResults.lse
// Landscape event definition for reporting in the Labrador FMD19a "study copy" LSEVENT: REPORT_RESULTS DEFINITIONS GLOBAL CONSTANT: HaPerCell /****************************************/  // Parameters GLOBAL VARIABLE: BaseTimestep // Base Time step (in years) /****************************************/  // Stats by harvesting GLOBAL VARIABLE: VolHarvested, AreaHarvested, AreaBurned, VolumeLost MIN OUTPUT VARIABLE: ReportFile = "annualRecord.txt" ENDDEF // Evaluate yearly (or by "BaseTimestep" years) RETURNTIME RETURNTIME = IF Time EQ 0 THEN 0.02 ELSE BaseTimestep MeanVolPerHa = VolHarvested/AreaHarvested OUTPUT RECORD(ReportFile) DECISION (Time > 1) Run Year: FLOOR(Time) AreaBurned: AreaBurned/BaseTimestep AreaHarvested: AreaHarvested/BaseTimestep VolHarvested: VolHarvested/BaseTimestep MeanVolPerHa VolumeLost: VolumeLost/BaseTimestep ENDFN ENDRT // Setting the number of clusters to zero will cause no cell initiations to occur NUMCLUSTERS = 0

Succession.lse
// Landscape event definition for succession in the Labrador District 19a "study copy" LSEVENT: SUCCESSION DEFINITIONS GLOBAL CONSTANT: MaxStandAge, HaPerCell /****************************************/  // Parameters GLOBAL VARIABLE: BaseTimestep  // Base Time step (in years) /****************************************/  GLOBAL VARIABLE: ForestSize, THLBSize LAYER: StudyArea, StandAge, OldForest LAYER: Spp LAYER: ForestStatus GLOBAL CONSTANT: Harvestable LAYER: SalvageableVolPerHa GLOBAL VARIABLE: VolumeLost ENDDEF INITIALSTATE // Set up the initial state OVER REGION WHOLE MAP DECISION (StudyArea > 0) AND (Spp > 0) // Old forest is over 150 years OldForest = (StandAge >= 150) ForestSize = ForestSize + HaPerCell IF ForestStatus EQ Harvestable THLBSize = THLBSize + HaPerCell ENDFN ENDFN INITIALSTATE = 1 ENDIS // Aging at start of year (before any other models), but not in first period RETURNTIME RETURNTIME = BaseTimestep VolumeLost = 0 ENDRT // Only process forested cells EVENTLOCATION STATIC REGION WHOLE MAP DECISION (StudyArea > 0) AND (Spp > 0) ENDEL // In each forested cell TRANSITIONS // Increment the stand age in years StandAge = MIN(StandAge + BaseTimestep, MaxStandAge) // Old forest is over 150 years OldForest = (StandAge >= 150) // loss of salvageable wood (20%/year) IF SalvageableVolPerHa > 0 volLoss = CEIL(0.2 * SalvageableVolPerHa) SalvageableVolPerHa = SalvageableVolPerHa - volLoss VolumeLost = VolumeLost + volLoss ENDFN TRANSITIONS = TRUE // Markov chain succession... ENDTR

Suggested Experiments
To explore this cellular automata model further, try the following: